Wednesday, April 5, 2017

Climate

Under the Köppen climate classification, using the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm, New York City features a humid subtropical climate (Cfa), and is thus the northernmost major city on the North American continent with this categorization.[138][139] The suburbs to the immediate north and west lie in the transitional zone between humid subtropical and humid continental climates (Dfa).[138][139] The city averages 234 days with at least some sunshine annually, and averages 57% of possible sunshine annually,[140] accumulating 2,535 hours of sunshine per annum.[140] The city lies in the USDA 7b plant hardiness zone.[141]
Winters are cold and damp, and prevailing wind patterns that blow offshore minimize the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean; yet the Atlantic and the partial shielding from colder air by the Appalachians keep the city warmer in the winter than inland North American cities at similar or lesser latitudes such as Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis. The daily mean temperature in January, the area's coldest month, is 32.6 °F (0.3 °C);[142] temperatures usually drop to 10 °F (−12 °C) several times per winter,[142][143] and reach 60 °F (16 °C) several days in the coldest winter month.[142] Spring and autumn are unpredictable and can range from chilly to warm, although they are usually mild with low humidity. Summers are typically warm to hot and humid, with a daily mean temperature of 76.5 °F (24.7 °C) in July.[142] Nighttime conditions are often exacerbated by the urban heat island phenomenon, while daytime temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on average of 17 days each summer[144] and in some years exceed 100 °F (38 °C). Extreme temperatures have ranged from −15 °F (−26 °C), recorded on February 9, 1934, up to 106 °F (41 °C) on July 9, 1936.[144]
Summer evening temperatures are elevated by the urban heat island effect, which causes heat absorbed during the day to be radiated back at night, raising temperatures by as much as 7 °F (4 °C) when winds are slow.[145]

[hide]Climate data for New York (Belvedere Castle, Central Park), 1981–2010 normals,[b] extremes 1869–present[c]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 72
(22)		 75
(24)		 86
(30)		 96
(36)		 99
(37)		 101
(38)		 106
(41)		 104
(40)		 102
(39)		 94
(34)		 84
(29)		 75
(24)		 106
(41)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 59.6
(15.3)		 60.7
(15.9)		 71.5
(21.9)		 83.0
(28.3)		 88.0
(31.1)		 92.3
(33.5)		 95.4
(35.2)		 93.7
(34.3)		 88.5
(31.4)		 78.8
(26)		 71.3
(21.8)		 62.2
(16.8)		 97.0
(36.1)
Average high °F (°C) 38.3
(3.5)		 41.6
(5.3)		 49.7
(9.8)		 61.2
(16.2)		 70.8
(21.6)		 79.3
(26.3)		 84.1
(28.9)		 82.6
(28.1)		 75.2
(24)		 63.8
(17.7)		 53.8
(12.1)		 43.0
(6.1)		 62.0
(16.7)
Daily mean °F (°C) 32.6
(0.3)		 35.3
(1.8)		 42.5
(5.8)		 53.0
(11.7)		 62.4
(16.9)		 71.4
(21.9)		 76.5
(24.7)		 75.2
(24)		 68.0
(20)		 56.9
(13.8)		 47.7
(8.7)		 37.5
(3.1)		 55.0
(12.8)
Average low °F (°C) 26.9
(−2.8)		 28.9
(−1.7)		 35.2
(1.8)		 44.8
(7.1)		 54.0
(12.2)		 63.6
(17.6)		 68.8
(20.4)		 67.8
(19.9)		 60.8
(16)		 50.0
(10)		 41.6
(5.3)		 32.0
(0)		 47.9
(8.8)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 9.2
(−12.7)		 12.8
(−10.7)		 18.5
(−7.5)		 32.3
(0.2)		 43.5
(6.4)		 52.9
(11.6)		 60.3
(15.7)		 58.8
(14.9)		 48.6
(9.2)		 38.0
(3.3)		 27.7
(−2.4)		 15.6
(−9.1)		 7.0
(−13.9)
Record low °F (°C) −6
(−21)		 −15
(−26)		 3
(−16)		 12
(−11)		 32
(0)		 44
(7)		 52
(11)		 50
(10)		 39
(4)		 28
(−2)		 7
(−14)		 −13
(−25)		 −15
(−26)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.65
(92.7)		 3.09
(78.5)		 4.36
(110.7)		 4.50
(114.3)		 4.19
(106.4)		 4.41
(112)		 4.60
(116.8)		 4.44
(112.8)		 4.28
(108.7)		 4.40
(111.8)		 4.02
(102.1)		 4.00
(101.6)		 49.94
(1,268.5)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 7.0
(17.8)		 9.2
(23.4)		 3.9
(9.9)		 0.6
(1.5)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0.3
(0.8)		 4.8
(12.2)		 25.8
(65.5)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 10.4 9.2 10.9 11.5 11.1 11.2 10.4 9.5 8.7 8.9 9.6 10.6 122.0
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 4.0 2.8 1.8 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 2.3 11.4
Average relative humidity (%) 61.5 60.2 58.5 55.3 62.7 65.2 64.2 66.0 67.8 65.6 64.6 64.1 63.0
Mean monthly sunshine hours 162.7 163.1 212.5 225.6 256.6 257.3 268.2 268.2 219.3 211.2 151.0 139.0 2,534.7
Percent possible sunshine 54 55 57 57 57 57 59 63 59 61 51 48 57
Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)[144][142][140] See Geography of New York City for additional climate information from the outer boroughs.

Boroughscapes

Upper Manhattan and Midtown Manhattan as seen from Weehawken, New Jersey. (January 2010)
View of Lower Manhattan at sunset, from Jersey City, New Jersey. One World Trade Center, at center, is the tallest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere. (November 2014)
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